Sergey Roslyak^*

Freelance researcher, associate professor of the Ukrainian State University of Food Technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine

*Corresponding Author: Sergey Roslyak, Freelance researcher, associate professor of the Ukrainian State University of Food Technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Abstract
The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of viral diseases, including coronavirus, based on the use of beekeeping products in 2020-2023.

Keywords: bee products, treatment, prevention, viral infections.

Introduction
The problem of treating viral diseases, including coronavirus, based on pharmacological drugs has yet to be solved. Effective drugs have yet to be created, and prevention schemes have yet to be developed to quickly and effectively combat these diseases. The pharmaceutical industry follows the path of least resistance, preferring to work with substances that are amenable to chemical, thermal, electrophysical, mechanical, and hydromechanical treatments without loss of their properties. The narrowing of the raw material base does not allow us to achieve the main thing - the absence of resistance to specific pathogens, which has led to the lack of fundamentally new drugs. Expectations for the entry into the market of “miracle” drugs, the potential to radically change known treatment methods and reduce the side effects of existing ones, were not justified. A practical solution in the context of another pandemic was the recognition by scientists of the importance of alternative methods of combating viral infections [3], one of which is the expansion of the use of natural beekeeping products that can suppress the activity of viruses [2].

Materials
Propolis is a resinous, fragrant natural substance produced by bees in hives, containing approximately 55% resins and plant balms, 30% wax, and 5% pollen. Its most essential properties are [5] anti- inflammatory, bactericidal, antitumor, and antioxidant; antitoxic properties - reduces poisoning of the body by dead and destroyed microbial cells; relieves pain and inflammation; accelerates resorption processes and the action of antibiotics; increases the level of gamma globulins in the body. These properties treat skin, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and viral diseases.

Royal jelly is a milky white secretion secreted by the glands of bees for feeding larvae and queen bees. The main properties of jelly [1]: antibacterial, antimicrobial, bactericidal, and antitumor activity; hormonal effect, as a general strengthening agent for patients after severe illnesses and operations; stimulation of metabolism substances and the central nervous system; hematopoiesis, lowering cholesterol levels, regulating the function of the endocrine glands, increasing immunity and performance, reducing fatigue, increasing body weight, improving appetite.

Wax moth larvae - these are the only living creatures that exist that feed on wax. The larvae extract contains [4] enzymes (a unique - case - a digestive enzyme with which the insect digests wax), 20 out of 28 free amino acids (for example, leucine, isoleucine, and valine - that help restore muscle tissue, increase hemoglobin, help reduce the formation of blood clots; tyrosine - stabilizes pressure), mono- and disaccharides, lipids, and fatty acids. Used to treat inflammatory and degenerative processes, it has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, improves metabolism, is helpful for insomnia, and helps with low potency and infertility.

Zabrus - milky wax caps (honey seal) with which bees seal ripened honey; it is a mixture of the secretions of the salivary glands of bees, wax, propolis, beebread pollen, and, of course, love. Thanks to the presence of the lysozyme enzyme in it, zabrus is a highly effective remedy for treating bacterial and viral diseases. It has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, wound healing, antispasmodic, astringent, and adsorbing properties; it activates immune processes and regulates the permeability of tissue barriers. Recovery occurs quickly and without complications, without the disease becoming chronic. After thoroughly chewing and swallowing the zebras, within 2 hours, its active components are found in the blood, lymph, and intercellular space. When it enters the gastrointestinal tract, casting wax adsorbs toxins and promotes their rapid elimination. The use of zebras does not cause allergies and microbial resistance. American naturalist D.S. Jarvis recommends chewing zabrus for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and allergic diseases of the nasopharynx; he found that such local immunity lasts more than 3 years.

What these natural products have in common is that they provide a therapeutic effect where other remedies have failed, and recovery occurs earlier than with conventional treatments and in the absence of toxicity and side effects [6]. And most importantly, they do not cause the development of resistance to their effects. This is because the composition of these beekeeping products has a unique feature - it is constantly changing, as it depends on the changing factors of their formation: the variety of honey plants used by bees, changes in the morphological characteristics of the worker bee, fluctuations in climatic conditions, weather conditions and time of year. The chemical composition of these biologically active substances has not yet been fully established. To date, all attempts by scientists worldwide to synthesize any of the beekeeping products have failed. Participants All 52 patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus, of which 35 are in the initial stage of the disease, and 17 are of moderate severity of the syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). They are setting up A cohort of patients organized from volunteers who gave an oral report.

Methods
1. Practical treatment regimen applied to patients at the initial stage of the disease. On the first day of identifying symptoms of a viral disease, the nasal mucosa was lubricated with propolis oil at least 5 times at an interval of about 2 hours; gargling with 20% alcohol was carried out 4 times at an interval of 2.5 hours propolis tincture diluted with water. On the second day, 4 and 3 times; on the third and, if necessary, on the fourth day - 2 and 1 time.

2. Practical treatment regimen applied to moderately severe patients. To detect an allergic reaction, the patient takes 5 ml of moth wax tincture before breakfast for the first two days and 15-18 ml on the third day. If the drug is well tolerated, a minimum of 150-180 mg of the drug is taken on the next day (fourth) (every hour, 15-18 ml in a single dose, a total of at least 10 doses). On the fifth day, in the morning, it is recommended to take 20-30 grams of activated carbon as an aqueous suspension. On the sixth to seventh day, 5 ml before dinner.

3. Practical scheme for the prevention of viral diseases. Groups of volunteers (8 groups of 100 people, age composition: 30-60 years - 40% and 61-82 years - 60%, orally warned) took the recommended products during the autumn-spring period for 1.5 months and again after 4.5 months according to the proposed scheme:

1) Royal jelly (0.25-0.50 g) on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before the morning meal, sublingually (by resorption under the tongue).

2) Zabrus (30-40 g) - after the morning meal, chew thoroughly for 15- 20 minutes. In addition, chewing gum helps disinfect the oral cavity and is an effective means of strengthening gums and teeth.

3) Wax moth tincture - once a day, 5 ml 30 minutes before the evening meal, after diluting it with 1-2 tablespoons of water.

4) Propolis oil (1-1.5g) - lubricate the nasal mucosa before going outside. The use of recommended products did not cause any side effects. There is an increase in tone and performance.

Main outcome measures
The main result was almost complete recovery in the first group on days 4-5 and in the second group on days 6-7 (2 patients stopped taking wax moth tincture due to an allergic reaction of the body). Among the volunteers who underwent prophylaxis, not a single case of the disease was noted.

Substances
Royal jelly, bees, and propolis were prepared in apiaries in Ukraine. Bee moth tincture. To prepare the bee moth tincture, we used young (not past the pupation stage) wax moth larvae (20%) and 70-degree ethyl alcohol (80%). After mixing the prepared components, they were stored in a dark, cool place for 30 to 45 days, shaking occasionally.

Propolis oil. To prepare propolis oil, we used propolis, which the bees put between the frames and near the cells on the edges (20%) (this is important for the quality of propolis!), and vegetable oil (80%). Propolis is extracted with vegetable oil at 80ºC for 2 hours and filtered.

Discussion
Positive results from the use of royal jelly, zabrusa, wax moth tincture, and propolis oil in the treatment and prevention of viral diseases represent an attractive concept for the development of new pharmaceutical products and methods for the treatment of viral infections, including COVID-19. Of particular interest are preparations based on wax moths, which also have cardioprotective properties and anti-tuberculosis activity. Strengths and limitations of this study Although this study has many powers (high efficiency, low cost of drugs, their availability, the possibility of parallel use of pharmaceuticals, absence of complications), there are objective and subjective limitations. Objective ones include an allergic reaction to bee products in approximately 5-7% of the population and the limited scope of clinical studies. To the subjective: in medicine - effective disease prevention will significantly reduce the volume of sold pharmacological drugs and services provided; in industry - the products offered are almost impossible to put on assembly line production, that is, to achieve their high profitability; in trade - retail chain operators are not interested in working with small manufacturers, and their vast number does not allow artificially inflating prices; in public administration, the introduction of prevention requires a lot of effort and explanatory work, while there is no possibility of quick PR and corruption (there are hundreds of thousands of manufacturers, you can’t come to an agreement with everyone), and, most decisively, This population, the majority of which hopes for a magic pill or “prick,” does not understand and does not want to understand that the salvation of a drowning person is the work of the drowning person himself. Therefore, this work is addressed to people who understand and accept full responsibility for their health and the health of their loved ones.