Introduction
The globe is facing a new public health catastrophe with the rise and expansion of acute respiratory infection[1]. This challenge was the trigger of one of the most serious clusters of coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 first arose in December 2019 and then rapidly expanded over the world [2].

Initially, the new virus was called 2019-nCoV. On January 7, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated the term "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)" as the name of this novel disease. Subsequently, on 11 February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the novel virus "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) . The virus was given this name since it is genetically similar to the coronavirus that began the 2003 SARS outbreak (SARS-CoVs). regardless of their similarity, the two viruses are not the same [3, 4].

Coronavirus subdivided into four genera alpha, beta, gamma, and delta (α, β, γ, δ) that are widespread in nature [5-7]. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus family, a big class of viruses that are widespread in nature. They are a vast family of single-stranded ribonucleic acid viruses (+ssRNA) that can be isolated from a variety of animal species [8, 9]. In humans, Coronavirus illness can have a range from the common cold to more serious diseases such as SARS-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome, coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, which are all members of the genus Beta coronavirus [10, 11] The natural reservoirs of these viruses are birds and bats [12, 13].

Currently, scientists around the globe work to understand as much as possible about the SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 information, including transmission mechanisms, the clinical aspect of the disease, novel diagnostics, and prevention and treatment options, is steadily evolving [9, 14]. However, this phenomenon and its consequences are certainly not limited to medical disease. Like SARS, COVID-19 has a side effect of conventional contact, which is associated with social and mental stigma and discrimination. social stigmatization can arise from fear of persons who are different and the fear of disease [15, 16]. Although the effects of the stigmatization on COVID-19 have not yet been studied systematically [17].

In this study, we investigate stigmatization in the past and contemporary era. Subsequently, the collaboration between art and science that leads to improving the harmful effects of stigma will be explained.

Throughout history, stigma related to epidemic and pandemic diseases has often hampered treatment and prevention and forced additional suffering on patient individuals and their loved ones [22]. Erving Goffman in his book pointed out, the infrastructure of stigma research as a scientific discipline can explain how stigmatized persons are facing the challenge [23]. One of the most famous people known to have experienced stigmata was St. Francis of Assisi. He was the recognized leader of the young men of the town, although he was always a very prominent and well-known person for his charity to the people in need. After a serious medical problem at the age of 21, his friends found him “in a trance, a permanently altered man.” After these events, he devoted the remainder of his life serve to the sick and died at the age of 45 [24]. Many diseases have been characterized by social stigmatization in patients with transmissible diseases throughout history. For example, tuberculosis, leprosy, plague,  and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were stigmatized throughout the last several centuries [22, 24]. A study has revealed that about one-third of people would not wear a washed jacket that had previously been used by an HIV-positive individuals and none of them would drink water from a washed and sterilized glass that had previously been used by such a person [25]. Observations from the SARS and influenza A (H1N1) virus outbreaks are similar [18]. According to this concept, in one study, approximately 20 % of respondents held that SARS patients remained infectious a year and a half after recovery [26]. Also similar to such post-recovery social behaviors were also widely observed for people who had contracted the H1N1 virus [27].

 Stigma in the modern age
In the modern age, stigmatizing persons suffering from infectious diseases serves no purpose [28]. Stigma does not enhance the capability of current civilizations to withstand contagious diseases, it leads to an obstacle between the patient and the rest of the society, who impede them from acting on their instinctive desire to seek curative. They also act as catalysts for failures in protecting public health [29]. If people feel stigmatized, whether externally or internally, occurring negative behaviors is unavoidable including (a) prevention from seeking care, which results in impediment to the control of the outbreak, (b) fear of disclosing their disease to avoid prejudice from the entire groups or communities, (c) erupting into violence against the stigmatized group, infringement of their human rights and social exclusion and severe economic consequences [30, 31].

Collaboration of science and art
COVID-19's social stigma has received little attention in research investigations [47]. Timely and effective measures are necessary to be developed and implemented for research on the stigmatization of infection disease, such that we can improve our insight and identify the inevitable consequences of such stigmatization.

WHO stated how communicating about severe SARS-CoV-2 is critical in supporting people to take effective action to help overcome the disease and to avoid fear and stigma [49] Furthermore, the Central for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) noted that stigmatized groups may be exposed to social avoidance or rejection, refusal of healthcare, education, housing or employment, and physical violence [50]. Stigmatization is so important that researchers were cautious in naming this virus to avoid any stigma as far as the director-general of the WHO announced, “Our team had to get a name that did not refer to a geographical area, a species, a person, or a group of people so that it be pronounceable and interdependent to the disease.” [51].

One of the biggest challenges is the misconception of the illness. This causes stigmatization for infected people that are emerging from inaccurate information created by widespread media coverage. As a result, in the present time, the management of emerging infectious diseases and public health would necessitate that we strengthen our capacity and knowledge to reduce the stigma connected with those diseases. Based on this concept, a  recent  study by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that recovered COVID-19 patients who test positive again are not infectious. They were no longer capable of diagnosing live virus in cell culture, indicating that the positive diagnostic tests were sampling dead virus particles [52]. Given this, the virus may be thought to be dead or so weak that it cannot infect another host. Also, CDC mentioned that “Someone who has followed the standard principles of quarantine or has been discharged from isolation does not involve the hazard of transmission of SARS-CoV- 2 to others” [53]. This can lead to the acceptance of fully recovered patients and a barrier to labeling these patients in society. Also, Neutralized antibodies that exist in the blood of people who have completely recovered, can potentially inactive the virus. These individuals can donate plasma, the component of blood that contains antibodies, to COVID-19 patients causing the acceleration of recovery [54, 55]. So, we have to be aware of the fact that the recovered patients who have recovered completely not only cannot transmit the COVID-19 but also can save the life of infected people by donating plasma. Furthermore, they are actually symbolling of hope that they have had COVID-19 and have come out.

According to WHO, health education is defined as a combination of planned learning experiences meant to help individuals and societies enhance their health by developing their knowledge and influencing their behaviors and views [56, 57]. A little Italian town is an example of this strategy. They resolved to investigate the difficulties of COVID-19-related disinformation and social stigma by health education. They enlisted the help of epidemiologists and respiratory infectious disease experts to arrange live online activities for the public. These events were held on the council website and social networks (e.g., Facebook and WhatsApp groups), and they were well received, with several questions (over 60 per session) answered and addressed. In summary, a small number of messages of concern about the epidemic have been sent to municipal representatives [16]. Creative and critical thinking lead to the increased power of discovery and innovation. Artistic activity plays an important role in the advancement of Science. Neil’s Bohr’s model is an example of concurrent modifications in literature and the arts, such as Cubism [58]. Medical students at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine were utilizing masterworks by Van Gogh, Rembrandt, Kandinsky, and Da Vinci and fine arts not only improve observation skills but also receive better skills in emotional recognition and growth of empathy [58, 59].

Because of lacking enough information about COVID-19 among Somali citizens, Nujuum decides to use her arts for raising awareness about how deadly the disease is and how to avoid it across Somalia. Also, there has been a negotiation between EU Delegation in Somalia and young Somali artists to give further and useful information about the outbreak. She shares crucial information about COVID-19 via her talent and art to raise awareness of a wide range of people including educated, not educated, and even deaf or blind people [60].